rn-fetch-blob

react-native-fetch-blob []()

A project committed to make file acess and data transfer easier, effiecient for React Native developers.

Features

• Transfer data directly from/to storage without BASE64 bridging
• File API supports normal files, Asset files, and CameraRoll files
• Native-to-native file manipulation API, reduce JS bridging performance loss
• File stream support for dealing with large file
• Blob, File, XMLHttpRequest polyfills that make browser-based library available in RN (experimental)

The npm package is inside src folder, this is development folder

TOC

• About
• Installation
• HTTP Data Transfer
  • Regular Request
  • Download file
  • Upload file
  • Multipart/form upload
  • Upload/Download progress
  • Cancel HTTP request
  • Android Media Scanner, and Download Manager Support
  • Self-Signed SSL Server
  • RNFetchBlob as Fetch
• File System
  • File access
  • File stream
  • Manage cached files
• Web API Polyfills
• Performance Tips
• API References
• Trouble Shooting
• Development

About

This project was initially for solving the issue facebook/react-native#854, because React Native lack of Blob implementation and it will cause some problem when transfering binary data. Now, this project is committed to make file access and transfer more easier, effiecient for React Native developers. We’ve implemented highly customizable filesystem and network module which plays well together. For example, upload and download data directly from/to storage which is much more efficient in some cases(especially for large ones). The file system supports file stream, so you don’t have to worry about OOM problem when accessing large files.

In 0.8.0 we introduced experimential Web API polyfills that make it possible to use browser-based libraries in React Native, for example, FireBase JS SDK

Installation

Install package from npm

npm install --save react-native-fetch-blob

Link package using rnpm

rnpm link

Manually link the package (Android)

If rnpm link command failed to link the package automatically, you might try manually link the package.

Open android/settings.gradle, and add these lines which will app RNFetchBlob Android project dependency to your app.

include ':app'      
+ include ':react-native-fetch-blob'                                                                                                  
+ project(':react-native-fetch-blob').projectDir = new File(rootProject.projectDir, '../node_modules/react-native-fetch-blob/android')                        

Add this line to MainApplication.java, so that RNFetchBlob package becomes part of react native package.

...
+ import com.RNFetchBlob.RNFetchBlobPackage;                                                                                 
...
protected List<ReactPackage> getPackages() {
      return Arrays.<ReactPackage>asList(
          new MainReactPackage(),
+          new RNFetchBlobPackage()                                                                                         
      );
    }
  };
...

If you still having problem on installing this package, please check the trouble shooting page or file an issue

Grant Permission to External storage for Android 5.0 or lower

Mechanism about granting Android permissions has slightly different since Android 6.0 released, please refer to Official Document.

If you’re going to access external storage (say, SD card storage) for Android 5.0 (or lower) devices, you might have to add the following line to AndroidManifest.xml.

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.rnfetchblobtest"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW"/>
+   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />                                               
+   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />                                              

    ...

Also, if you’re going to use Android Download Manager you have to add this to AndroidManifetst.xml

    <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
+           <action android:name="android.intent.action.DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE"/>                          
    </intent-filter>

Grant Access Permission for Android 6.0

Beginning in Android 6.0 (API level 23), users grant permissions to apps while the app is running, not when they install the app. So adding permissions in AndroidManifest.xml won’t work in Android 6.0 devices. To grant permissions in runtime, you might use modules like react-native-android-permissions.

Usage

ES6

The module uses ES6 style export statement, simply use import to load the module.

import RNFetchBlob from 'react-native-fetch-blob'

ES5

If you’re using ES5 require statement to load the module, please add default. See here for more detail.

var RNFetchBlob = require('react-native-fetch-blob').default

HTTP Data Transfer

---

Regular Request

After 0.8.0 react-native-fetch-blob automatically decide how to send the body by checking its type and Content-Type in header. The rule is described in the following diagram

To sum up :

• To send a form data, the Content-Type header won’t take effect if the body is an Array because we will set proper content type for you.
• To send binary data, you have two choices, use BASE64 encoded string or a file path which points to a file contains the body. The Content-Type header does not matters.
  • The body is a BASE64 encoded string, the Content-Type header filed must containing substring;BASE64 or application/octet
    
  • The body is a path point to a file, it must be a string starts with RNFetchBlob-file://, which can simply done by RNFetchBlob.wrap(PATH_TO_THE_FILE)
• To send the body as-is, set a Content-Type header not containing ;BASE64 or application/octet.

Download example : Fetch files that needs authorization token

Most simple way is download to memory and stored as BASE64 encoded string, this is handy when the response data is small.

// send http request in a new thread (using native code)
RNFetchBlob.fetch('GET', 'http://www.example.com/images/img1.png', {
    Authorization : 'Bearer access-token...',
    // more headers  ..
  })
  // when response status code is 200
  .then((res) => {
    // the conversion is done in native code
    let base64Str = res.base64()
    // the following conversions are done in js, it's SYNC
    let text = res.text()
    let json = res.json()

  })
  // Status code is not 200
  .catch((errorMessage, statusCode) => {
    // error handling
  })

Download to storage directly

If the response data is large, that would be a bad idea to convert it into BASE64 string. The better solution is store the response data directly into file system. The simplest way is give a fileCache option to config, and set it to true. This will make incoming response data stored in a temporary path without any file extension.

These files won’t be removed automatically, please refer to Cache File Management

RNFetchBlob
  .config({
    // add this option that makes response data to be stored as a file,
    // this is much more performant.
    fileCache : true,
  })
  .fetch('GET', 'http://www.example.com/file/example.zip', {
    some headers ..
  })
  .then((res) => {
    // the temp file path
    console.log('The file saved to ', res.path())
  })

Set Temp File Extension

Sometimes you might need a file extension for some reason. For instance, when using file path as source of Image component, the path should end with something like .png or .jpg, you can do this by add appendExt option to config.

RNFetchBlob
  .config({
    fileCache : true,
    // by adding this option, the temp files will have a file extension
    appendExt : 'png'
  })
  .fetch('GET', 'http://www.example.com/file/example.zip', {
    some headers ..
  })
  .then((res) => {
    // the temp file path with file extension `png`
    console.log('The file saved to ', res.path())
    // Beware that when using a file path as Image source on Android,
    // you must prepend "file://"" before the file path
    imageView = <Image source={{ uri : Platform.OS === 'android' ? 'file://' + res.path()  : '' + res.path() }}/>
  })

Use Specific File Path

If you prefer a specific path rather than randomly generated one, you can use path option. We’ve added a constant dirs in v0.5.0 that contains several common used directories.

let dirs = RNFetchBlob.fs.dirs
RNFetchBlob
.config({
  // response data will be saved to this path if it has access right.
  path : dirs.DocumentDir + '/path-to-file.anything'
})
.fetch('GET', 'http://www.example.com/file/example.zip', {
  //some headers ..
})
.then((res) => {
  // the path should be dirs.DocumentDir + 'path-to-file.anything'
  console.log('The file saved to ', res.path())
})

These files won’t be removed automatically, please refer to Cache File Management

Upload example : Dropbox files-upload API

react-native-fetch-blob will convert the base64 string in body to binary format using native API, this process will be done in a new thread, so it’s async.

RNFetchBlob.fetch('POST', 'https://content.dropboxapi.com/2/files/upload', {
    Authorization : "Bearer access-token...",
    'Dropbox-API-Arg': JSON.stringify({
      path : '/img-from-react-native.png',
      mode : 'add',
      autorename : true,
      mute : false
    }),
    'Content-Type' : 'application/octet-stream',
    // here's the body you're going to send, should be a BASE64 encoded string
    // (you can use "base64" APIs to make one).
    // The data will be converted to "byte array"(say, blob) before request sent.  
  }, base64ImageString)
  .then((res) => {
    console.log(res.text())
  })
  .catch((err) => {
    // error handling ..
  })

Upload a file from storage

If you’re going to use a file request body, just wrap the path with wrap API.

RNFetchBlob.fetch('POST', 'https://content.dropboxapi.com/2/files/upload', {
    // dropbox upload headers
    Authorization : "Bearer access-token...",
    'Dropbox-API-Arg': JSON.stringify({
      path : '/img-from-react-native.png',
      mode : 'add',
      autorename : true,
      mute : false
    }),
    'Content-Type' : 'application/octet-stream',
    // Change BASE64 encoded data to a file path with prefix `RNFetchBlob-file://`.
    // Or simply wrap the file path with RNFetchBlob.wrap().
  }, RNFetchBlob.wrap(PATH_TO_THE_FILE))
  .then((res) => {
    console.log(res.text())
  })
  .catch((err) => {
    // error handling ..
  })

Multipart/form-data example : Post form data with file and data

In version >= 0.3.0 you can also post files with form data, just put an array in body, with elements have property name, data, and filename(optional).

Elements have property filename will be transformed into binary format, otherwise it turns into utf8 string.

  RNFetchBlob.fetch('POST', 'http://www.example.com/upload-form', {
    Authorization : "Bearer access-token",
    otherHeader : "foo",
    'Content-Type' : 'multipart/form-data',
  }, [
    // element with property `filename` will be transformed into `file` in form data
    { name : 'avatar', filename : 'avatar.png', data: binaryDataInBase64},
    // custom content type
    { name : 'avatar-png', filename : 'avatar-png.png', type:'image/png', data: binaryDataInBase64},
    // part file from storage
    { name : 'avatar-foo', filename : 'avatar-foo.png', type:'image/foo', data: RNFetchBlob.wrap(path_to_a_file)},
    // elements without property `filename` will be sent as plain text
    { name : 'name', data : 'user'},
    { name : 'info', data : JSON.stringify({
      mail : 'example@example.com',
      tel : '12345678'
    })},
  ]).then((resp) => {
    // ...
  }).catch((err) => {
    // ...
  })

What if you want to upload a file using form data ? Just like upload a file from storage example, wrap data by wrap API (this feature is only available for version >= v0.5.0). On version >= 0.6.2, it is possible to set custom MIME type when appending file to form data.

  RNFetchBlob.fetch('POST', 'http://www.example.com/upload-form', {
    Authorization : "Bearer access-token",
    otherHeader : "foo",
    // this is required, otherwise it won't be process as a multipart/form-data request
    'Content-Type' : 'multipart/form-data',
  }, [
    // append field data from file path
    {
      name : 'avatar',
      filename : 'avatar.png',
      // Change BASE64 encoded data to a file path with prefix `RNFetchBlob-file://`.
      // Or simply wrap the file path with RNFetchBlob.wrap().
      data: RNFetchBlob.wrap(PATH_TO_THE_FILE)
    },
    {
      name : 'ringtone',
      filename : 'ring.mp3',
      // use custom MIME type
      type : 'application/mp3',
      // upload a file from asset is also possible in version >= 0.6.2
      data : RNFetchBlob.wrap(RNFetchBlob.fs.asset('default-ringtone.mp3'))
    }
    // elements without property `filename` will be sent as plain text
    { name : 'name', data : 'user'},
    { name : 'info', data : JSON.stringify({
      mail : 'example@example.com',
      tel : '12345678'
    })},
  ]).then((resp) => {
    // ...
  }).catch((err) => {
    // ...
  })

Upload/Download progress

In version >= 0.4.2 it is possible to know the upload/download progress. After 0.7.0 IOS and Android upload progress are supported.

  RNFetchBlob.fetch('POST', 'http://www.example.com/upload', {
      ... some headers,
      'Content-Type' : 'octet-stream'
    }, base64DataString)
    // listen to upload progress event
    .uploadProgress((written, total) => {
        console.log('uploaded', written / total)
    })
    // listen to download progress event
    .progress((received, total) => {
        console.log('progress', received / total)
    })
    .then((resp) => {
      // ...
    })
    .catch((err) => {
      // ...
    })

Cancel Request

After 0.7.0 it is possible to cancel a HTTP request. When the request cancel, it will definately throws an promise rejection, be sure to catch it.

let task = RNFetchBlob.fetch('GET', 'http://example.com/file/1')

task.then(() => { ... })
    // handle request cancelled rejection
    .catch((err) => {
        console.log(err)
    })
// cancel the request, the callback function is optional
task.cancel((err) => { ... })

RNFetchBlob as Fetch

0.9.0

If you have existing code that uses whatwg-fetch(the official fetch), you don’t have to change them after 0.9.0, just use fetch replacement. The difference between Official fetch and fetch replacement is, official fetch uses whatwg-fetch js library which wraps XMLHttpRequest polyfill under the hood it’s a great library for web developers, however that does not play very well with RN. Our implementation is simply a wrapper of RNFetchBlob.fetch and fs APIs, so you can access all the features we provide.

See document and examples

Android Media Scanner, and Download Manager Support

If you want to make a file in External Storage becomes visible in Picture, Downloads, or other built-in apps, you will have to use Media Scanner or Download Manager.

Media Scanner

Media scanner scan the file and categorize by given MIME type, if MIME type not specified, it will try to resolve the file using its file extension.

RNFetchBlob
    .config({
        // DCIMDir is in external storage
        path : dirs.DCIMDir + '/music.mp3'
    })
    .fetch('GET', 'http://example.com/music.mp3')
    .then((res) => RNFetchBlob.fs.scanFile([ { path : res.path(), mime : 'audio/mpeg' } ]))
    .then(() => {
        // scan file success
    })
    .catch((err) => {
        // scan file error
    })

Download Manager

When download large files on Android it is recommended to use Download Manager, it supports lot of native features like progress bar, and notification, also the download task will be handled by OS, and more effective.

When using DownloadManager, fileCache and path properties in config will not take effect, because Android DownloadManager can only store files to external storage. When download complete, DownloadManager will generate a file path so that you can deal with it.

RNFetchBlob
    .config({
        addAdnroidDownloads : {
            useDownloadManager : true, // <-- this is the only thing required
            // Optional, override notification setting (default to true)
            notification : false,
            // Optional, but recommended since android DownloadManager will fail when
            // the url does not contains a file extension, by default the mime type will be text/plain
            mime : 'text/plain',
            description : 'File downloaded by download manager.'
        }
    })
    .fetch('GET', 'http://example.com/file/somefile')
    .then((resp) => {
      // the path of downloaded file
      resp.path()
    })

Download Notification and Visibiliy in Download App (Android Only)

If you want to display a notification when file’s completely download to storage (as the above), or make the downloaded file visible in “Downloads” app. You have to add some options to config.

RNFetchBlob.config({
  fileCache : true,
  // android only options, these options be a no-op on IOS
  addAndroidDownloads : {
    // Show notification when response data transmitted
    notification : true,
    // Title of download notification
    title : 'Great ! Download Success ! :O ',
    // File description (not notification description)
    description : 'An image file.',
    mime : 'image/png',
    // Make the file scannable  by media scanner
    meidaScannable : true,
  }
})
.fetch('GET', 'http://example.com/image1.png')
.then(...)

Open Downloaded File with Intent

This is a new feature added in 0.9.0, if you’re going to open a file path using official Linking API that might not work as expected, also, if you’re going to install an APK in Downloads app, that will not work too. As an alternative, you can try actionViewIntent API, which will send an ACTION_VIEW intent for you which uses the given MIME type.

Download and install an APK programatically

const android = RNFetchBlob.android

RNFetchBlob.config({
    addAndroidDownloads : {
      useDownloadManager : true,
      title : 'awesome.apk',
      description : 'An APK that will be installed',
      mime : 'application/vnd.android.package-archive',
      mediaScannable : true,
      notification : true,
    }
  })
  .fetch('GET', `http://www.example.com/awesome.apk`)
  .then((res) => {
      android.actionViewIntent(res.path(), 'application/vnd.android.package-archive')
  })

Or show an image in image viewer

      android.actionViewIntent(PATH_OF_IMG, 'image/png')

File System

File Access

File access APIs were made when developing v0.5.0, which helping us write tests, and was not planned to be a part of this module. However we realized that, it’s hard to find a great solution to manage cached files, every one who use this moudle may need these APIs for there cases.

Before start using file APIs, we recommend read Differences between File Source first.

File Access APIs

• asset (0.6.2)
• dirs
• createFile
• writeFile (0.6.0)
• appendFile (0.6.0)
• readFile (0.6.0)
• readStream
• writeStream
• unlink
• mkdir
• ls
• mv
• cp
• exists
• isDir
• stat
• lstat
• scanFile (Android only)

See File API for more information

File Stream

In v0.5.0 we’ve added writeStream and readStream, which allows your app read/write data from file path. This API creates a file stream, rather than convert whole data into BASE64 encoded string, it’s handy when processing large files.

When calling readStream method, you have to open the stream, and start to read data.

let data = ''
RNFetchBlob.fs.readStream(
    // encoding, should be one of `base64`, `utf8`, `ascii`
    'base64',
    // file path
    PATH_TO_THE_FILE,
    // (optional) buffer size, default to 4096 (4095 for BASE64 encoded data)
    // when reading file in BASE64 encoding, buffer size must be multiples of 3.
    4095)
.then((ifstream) => {
    ifstream.open()
    ifstream.onData((chunk) => {
      // when encoding is `ascii`, chunk will be an array contains numbers
      // otherwise it will be a string
      data += chunk
    })
    ifstream.onError((err) => {
      console.log('oops', err)
    })
    ifstream.onEnd(() => {  
      <Image source={{ uri : 'data:image/png,base64' + data }}
    })
})

When use writeStream, the stream is also opened immediately, but you have to write, and close by yourself.

RNFetchBlob.fs.writeStream(
    PATH_TO_FILE,
    // encoding, should be one of `base64`, `utf8`, `ascii`
    'utf8',
    // should data append to existing content ?
    true)
.then((ofstream) => {
    ofstream.write('foo')
    ofstream.write('bar')
    ofstream.close()
})

Cache File Management

When using fileCache or path options along with fetch API, response data will automatically stored into file system. The files will NOT removed unless you unlink it. There’re several ways to remove the files

  // remove file using RNFetchblobResponse.flush() object method
  RNFetchblob.config({
      fileCache : true
    })
    .fetch('GET', 'http://example.com/download/file')
    .then((res) => {
      // remove cached file from storage
      res.flush()
    })

  // remove file by specifying a path
  RNFetchBlob.fs.unlink('some-file-path').then(() => {
    // ...
  })

You can also grouping requests by using session API, and use dispose to remove them all when needed.

  RNFetchblob.config({
    fileCache : true
  })
  .fetch('GET', 'http://example.com/download/file')
  .then((res) => {
    // set session of a response
    res.session('foo')
  })  

  RNFetchblob.config({
    // you can also set session beforehand
    session : 'foo'
    fileCache : true
  })
  .fetch('GET', 'http://example.com/download/file')
  .then((res) => {
    // ...
  })  

  // or put an existing file path to the session
  RNFetchBlob.session('foo').add('some-file-path')
  // remove a file path from the session
  RNFetchBlob.session('foo').remove('some-file-path')
  // list paths of a session
  RNFetchBlob.session('foo').list()
  // remove all files in a session
  RNFetchBlob.session('foo').dispose().then(() => { ... })

Self-Signed SSL Server

By default, react-native-fetch-blob does NOT allow connection to unknown certification provider since it’s dangerous. If you’re going to connect a server with self-signed certification, add trusty to config. This function is available for version >= 0.5.3

RNFetchBlob.config({
  trusty : true
})
.then('GET', 'https://mysite.com')
.then((resp) => {
  // ...
})

Web API Polyfills

After 0.8.0 we’ve made some Web API polyfills that makes some browser-based library available in RN.

• Blob
• XMLHttpRequest (Use our implementation if you’re going to use it with Blob)

Here’s a sample app that uses polyfills to upload files to FireBase.

Performance Tips

---

Reduce RCT Bridge and BASE64 Overheard

React Native connects JS and Native context by passing JSON through React bridge, therefore there will be an overhead to convert data before they sent. When data is large, this will be quite a performance impact to your app, it’s recommended to use file storage instead of BASE64 if possible. The following chart shows how much faster when loading data from storage than BASE64 encoded string on iphone 6.

ASCII Encoding has /terrible Performance

Due to the lack of typed array implementation in JavascriptCore, and limitation of React Native structure, to convert data to JS byte array spends lot of time. Use it only when needed, the following chart shows how much time it takes when reading a file with different encoding.

Concate and Replacing Files

If you’re going to concatenate files, you don’t have to read the data to JS context anymore ! In 0.8.0 we introduced new encoding uri for writeFile and appendFile API. Which make it possible to done the whole process in native.

Changes

Version
0.9.1	Fix Android Blob constructor asynchronous issue caused by 0.9.0 fs change
0.9.0	Fix unicode response data format issue #73. Improve Android performance by using thread pool instead of async task. Add Fetch replacement #70. Add Android only API actionViewIntent to open file or install APK in app
0.8.1	Remove Web API log and fix ios progress report function.
0.8.0	Added Web API polyfills, support regular request, added timeout option.
0.7.5	Fix installation script that make it compatible to react-native < 0.28
0.7.4	Fix app crash problem in version > 0.27
0.7.3	Fix OkHttp dependency issue in version < 0.29
0.7.2	Fix cancel request bug
0.7.1	Fix #57 ios module could not compile on ios version <= 9.3
0.7.0	Add support of Android upload progress, and remove AsyncHttpClient dependency from Android native implementation.
0.6.4	Fix rnpm link script.
0.6.3	Fix performance issue on IOS, increase max concurrent request limitation from 1.
0.6.2	Add support of asset file and camera roll files, Support custom MIME type when sending multipart request, thanks @smartt
0.6.1	Fix #37 progress report API issue on IOS
0.6.0	Add readFile and writeFile API for easier file access, also added Android download manager support.
0.5.8	Fix #33 PUT request will always be sent as POST on Android
0.5.7	Fix #31 #30 Xcode pre 7.3 build error
0.5.6	Add support for IOS network status indicator. Fix file stream ASCII reader bug.
0.5.5	Remove work in progress code added in 0.5.2 which may cause memory leaks.
0.5.4	Fix #30 #31 build build error, and improve memory efficiency.
0.5.3	Add API for access untrusted SSL server
0.5.2	Fix improper url params bug #26 and change IOS HTTP implementation from NSURLConnection to NSURLSession
0.5.0	Upload/download with direct access to file storage, and also added file access APIs
0.4.2	Supports upload/download progress
0.4.1	Fix upload form-data missing file extension problem on Android
0.4.0	Add base-64 encode/decode library and API
~0.3.0	Upload/Download octet-stream and form-data

Development

If you’re interested in hacking this module, check our development guide, there might be some helpful information. Please feel free to make a PR or file an issue.